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M9490461.TXT
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1994-09-19
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Document 0461
DOCN M9490461
TI Nocardia species: host-parasite relationships.
DT 9411
AU Beaman BL; Beaman L; Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology,
University of; California, Davis 95616.
SO Clin Microbiol Rev. 1994 Apr;7(2):213-64. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE
MED/94332802
AB The nocardiae are bacteria belonging to the aerobic actinomycetes. They
are an important part of the normal soil microflora worldwide. The type
species, Nocardia asteroides, and N. brasiliensis, N. farcinica, N.
otitidiscaviarum, N. nova, and N. transvalensis cause a variety of
diseases in both normal and immunocompromised humans and animals. The
mechanisms of pathogenesis are complex, not fully understood, and
include the capacity to evade or neutralize the myriad microbicidal
activities of the host. The relative virulence of N. asteroides
correlates with the ability to inhibit phagosome-lysosome fusion in
phagocytes; to neutralize phagosomal acidification; to detoxify the
microbicidal products of oxidative metabolism; to modify phagocyte
function; to grow within phagocytic cells; and to attach to, penetrate,
and grow within host cells. Both activated macrophages and
immunologically specific T lymphocytes constitute the major mechanisms
for host resistance to nocardial infection, whereas B lymphocytes and
humoral immunity do not appear to be as important in protecting the
host. Thus, the nocardiae are facultative intracellular pathogens that
can persist within the host, probably in a cryptic form (L-form), for
life. Silent invasion of brain cells by some Nocardia strains can induce
neurodegeneration in experimental animals; however, the role of
nocardiae in neurodegenerative diseases in humans needs to be
investigated.
DE Animal AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections/MICROBIOLOGY Brain
Diseases/MICROBIOLOGY Human Nocardia/*PHYSIOLOGY Nocardia
Infections/COMPLICATIONS/DIAGNOSIS/IMMUNOLOGY/ *MICROBIOLOGY
Phagocytosis Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. JOURNAL ARTICLE REVIEW
REVIEW, ACADEMIC
SOURCE: National Library of Medicine. NOTICE: This material may be
protected by Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S.Code).